tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1185605361912004222024-03-12T19:56:48.664-07:00Primary School sadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05664239282996630527noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-118560536191200422.post-8922093129263696132013-05-18T08:40:00.002-07:002013-05-18T08:40:54.319-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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A <b>primary school</b> is an institution in which children
receive the first stage of compulsory education known as primary or elementary
education. Primary school is the preferred term in the United
Kingdom and many Commonwealth Nations, and
in most publications of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In some countries, and especially in North
America, the term <b>elementary school</b> is preferred. Children
generally attend primary school from around the age of four or five until the
age of eleven or twelve.</div>
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An <b>elementary school</b> is an institution where children
receive the first stage of compulsory education known as elementary or primary
education. Elementary school is the preferred term in some countries,
particularly those in North America. <b>Primary school</b>
is the preferred term in the United Kingdom,
India, Ireland,
Pakistan, Australia,
Latin America, South
Africa and New
Zealand and in most publications of the
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).</div>
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Primary education (or "primary school" <i>meaning</i>
"primary education") still tends to focus on basic academic learning
and socialization skills, introducing children to the broad range of knowledge,
skill and behavioral adjustment they need to succeed in life - and,
particularly, in secondary school. Secondary education or secondary school has
always focused on preparing adolescents for higher education or/and for careers
in industries, trades or professions that do not require an academic degree.<br />
The elementary school has always been the main point of delivery for primary
education; and the (senior) high school has always been the focal point of secondary
education. Originally, elementary school was synonymous with primary education,
taking children from Kindergarten through grade 8; and secondary school was
entirely coextensive with the high school grades 9 - 12. This system was the
norm in America
until the years following World War I, because most children in most parts of
what was then the mostly rural United States
could go no further than Grade 8. Even when the high schools were available,
they were often not accessible.<br />
As the population grew and became increasingly urban and suburban instead of
rural, the one-room schoolhouse gave way to the multi-room schoolhouse, which
became multiple schools. This produced the third genre of school - the junior
high school - which was designed to provide transitional preparation from
primary school to secondary school, thus serving as a bridge between the elementary
school and the high school. Elementary schools typically operated grades
Kindergarten through 6; the junior high school, often housed in the same
building as the senior high school, then covered grades 7 through 9; and the
senior high school operated grades 10 through 12.<br />
It was typical during this period for state departments of education to
certify (in California,
"credential") teachers to work in either primary or secondary
education. A Primary School Certificate qualified the holder to teach any
subject in grades K through 8, and his/her major and minor subjects in grade 9.
A Secondary School Certificate qualified the holder to teach any subject in
grades 7 and 8, and his/her major and minor subjects in grades 9 through 12.
Certain subjects, such as music, art, physical, and special education were or
could be conferred as K through 12 Teaching Certificates.<br />
By the late 1960s, the lines of transition between primary and secondary
education began to blur, and the junior high school started to get replaced by
the middle school. This change typically saw reassignment of grade 9 to the
(senior) high school, with grade 6 reassigned to the middle school with grades
7 and 8. Subsequent decades in many states have also seen the realignment of
teacher certification, with grade 6 frequently now included on the secondary
teaching certificate. Thus, whereas 20th century American education began with
the elementary school finishing at grade 8, the 21st century begins with the
American elementary school finishing at grade 5 in many jurisdictions.<br />
Nevertheless, the older systems do persist in many jurisdictions. While they
are in the minority today, there are still school districts which, instead of
adopting the "middle school", still distinguish between junior and
senior high schools. Thus, high schools can be either 9-12, which is most
common, or 10-12.<br />
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